How it works
NAD+ functions as an electron carrier in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (complexes I and II), directly fueling ATP production. It serves as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which detect and repair DNA strand breaks. NAD+ also activates all seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7), deacetylase enzymes that regulate gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammatory signaling (NF-kB suppression), and cellular stress responses. Additionally, NAD+ is consumed by CD38, an ectoenzyme whose activity increases with age and inflammation, contributing to NAD+ depletion. Supplementation aims to restore the NAD+/NADH ratio and support these critical metabolic pathways.

