How it works
Semaglutide is a 94% structural analog of human GLP-1 with key amino acid substitutions at positions 8 and 34 that confer resistance to DPP-4 enzymatic degradation. It binds to and activates GLP-1 receptors in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, stimulating POMC/CART neurons (which promote satiety) while inhibiting NPY/AgRP neurons (which drive hunger). In the gastrointestinal tract, it slows gastric emptying by reducing vagal-mediated motility, prolonging the feeling of fullness after meals. It also acts on pancreatic beta cells to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release from alpha cells. The albumin-binding fatty acid side chain extends the half-life to approximately 7 days, enabling once-weekly dosing.

